‏إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات medicen. إظهار كافة الرسائل
‏إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات medicen. إظهار كافة الرسائل

الثلاثاء، 27 ديسمبر 2011

The Daily Market Report

Despite Correction, Gold Poised to Register Another Solid Performance in 2011
Bar1
23-Dec (USAGOLD) — Gold is consolidating just above the $1600 level going into the Christmas holiday. The last London gold fix of 2010 was $1405, so barring any dramatic price changes in the last week of the year, the yellow metal is on-track for yet another double-digit gain of about 14%.
That’s pretty impressive given the dramatic delveraging sell-off from the 1920.50 record high we saw in September, which prompted all manner of commentary proclaiming the end of gold’s decade-long rally. More recently — amid another bout of deleveraging associated with rising uncertainty about the fate of European Union — the yellow metal retested the September low at 1534.06 along with important channel support. While much was made of the technical damage done by the recent move below the 200-day moving average, gold continues to display good resilience, underpinned by solid fundamentals.
Monthly Gold Chart
Daily Gold Chart
Those supporting fundamentals are unlikely to change anytime soon as the world continues to seek solutions for an overwhelming level of debt and anemic growth prospects. Thus far, the focus remains on creating more of what is arguably to primary source of the problem. Debt.
Of course someone needs to buy that debt, so we have also witnessed unprecedented — and in some instances “unlimited” — liquidity pumps to perpetuate the now institutionalized game of “hide the debt.” I don’t think that anyone really believes that more debt is really the answer to our global debt crisis, but in staving off a complete economic catastrophe several years ago with massive deficit spending and liquidity schemes, the United States effectively set the tone. Actually, the US was simply following the example set by Japan more than 20-years ago; drive interest rates to zero and hold them there by printing currency and buying bonds with it.
In fact, Japanese debt is fast approaching ¥1 quadrillion! That rather ominous benchmark is expected to be surpassed by the end of Japan’s fiscal year in March. The BoJ’s balance sheet is a startling ¥138 trillion. Meanwhile the Fed’s balance sheet has contracted in recent months, but is still in excess of $2.7 trillion. But perhaps most troubling is the expansion of the ECB’s balance sheet. Despite their persistent assurances that quantitative measures simply aren’t an option, the ECB’s balance sheet has grown by nearly a third, approaching €2.5 trillion. Hey Mr. Draghi, if you’re not engaged in QE, explain that exploding balance sheet.
There are policymakers in Europe, including ECB board member Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, that favor true — or at least un-obscured — quantitative easing by the ECB to prevent another recession in Europe. Imagine the implications for the central bank’s balance sheet if the objections are ultimately circumvented.
Late in December, the ECB unleashed a wall of money, €489 bln ($638 bln) in 3-year LTROs to 523 eurozone banks. The positive reaction to all this new liquidity was very short-lived. The euro remains under pressure and eurozone spreads have widened back out.
As the FT’s Gillian Tett pointed out in a recent column, the hope was that the banks would use this abundance of cheap ECB money to buy European sovereign debt, much in the same way that US banks plowed the proceeds from mortgage backed securities sales to the Fed into US Treasuries. Basically, the private sector ends up financing the government with funds provided by the government. Being in the middle of this financing cycle results in a potential profit bonanza for the banks.
ZIRP and liquidity. Liquidity and ZIRP. From here to eternity…
There are growing rumblings that the Fed is about to extend their ZIRP guidance from mid-2013 out to 2014 and potentially beyond. I’m sure when the BoJ launched their quantitative measures they were expected to last maybe a couple of years. Here it is 20 some years later and Japan still has 0% interest rates. Do you suppose this is our fate as well?
Some of the major financial firms are predicting lofty average gold prices for the coming year: Goldman Sachs $1810, Barclays $2000 and UBS $2050 to name just a few. We maintain that the long-term uptrend in gold is protected as long as we remain in a negative real interest rate environment. This in fact seems all-but assured for quite some time. On top of that, the ongoing expansions of debt, monetary bases and central bank balance sheets, along with broadly positive supply/demand dynamics — highlighted by robust investment and central bank demand — conspire to underpin gold as well in the new year.
On behalf of everyone here at USAGOLD – Centennial Precious Metals, we wish you a very merry Christmas and a most prosperous 2012.

الأحد، 15 مايو 2011

Other uses for cells stem:


 
Other stem cells uses in research and clinical applications are : studies of biological processes, namely development of the organism and progress of cancer , during discovery and development (McNeish, 2004) and therapeutic cloning  'somatic cell nuclear transfer .(Zheng et .,2004).

Non hematological uses of stem cells :



Non hematological uses of stem cells :
The most exciting use of cultured stem cells is the promise for curing may devastating disease by directing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to produce pure population of particular cell types to be used for the repair of diseased or damaged tissues. For instance :
       - for cardiovascular repair , the aim is to produce cardiac muscle cells to be used alleviate ischaemic heart disease (Laflamme & Murry ,2005).
       -  for diabetes, the aim is to generate insulin-producing cells for treatment of diabetes .(Ianus et al.,2003)
         -for neural disorders , the aim is to produce neural cells to improve the functional capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis , strocke or spinal cord in injuries .(Lindvall et al.,2004).
       - for orthopaedic disease , for treatment of the children with osteogenesis imperfecta (Horwitz et al.,1999) and for treatment of the patients with large bone defects .(warnke et al .,2004).

Application of stem cells in bone marrow transplantation :


Application of stem cells in bone marrow transplantation :
Conditions treated with bone marrow transplantation include:

Acquired as :
Acute leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (accelerated phase or blast crises),  hodgkin's disease , multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia , non-hodgkin's lymphoma, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinurua (PNH) and servere aplasia radiation poisoning .

Congenital as:

Adrenoleukodystrophy, hurler syndrine, kostmann syndrome, drabbe disesase, metachromatic leukodystrophy, hemophagocytic lymphohisocytosis (Hlh), wiskot aldricj syndrome and some inborn errors of metabolism .(Anoje,2006).


Heamatological uses of stem cells:


Heamatological uses of stem cells:
The most Heamatological uses of stem cells is stem cells transplantation . it is a medical procedure in the field of hematology and and oncology that involves transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which often performed for people with diseases of the b;ood or bone marrow or certain types of cancers.there are two major types of bone marrow transplantation namely ,Autologous and allogenic transplantation . Aurogous bone marrow transplantation involves isolation of HSC from a patient suffering from a blood cancer freezing .storage of the isolated stem cells ,medical treatment of the patient that usually result in destruction of the remaining stem cells in the body ; then return reof the stored stem cells back to the body . allogenic bone marrow transplantation involves two people , one is the (normal ) donor and one is (patient) recipient . allogeneic HSC donors must have a tissue human leucocytic antigen (HLA) type that matches the recipient and in addition , the recipient requires immuno suppressive medication. Graft versus host disease (GVHD)is an inflammatory disease that is unique to allogeneic transplantation . it is an attack of the "new" bone marrow's immune cells against the recipient's tissues this can occur even if the donor and recipient are HLA – indentical because the immune system can still recognize other differences their tissues.
(Anoje, 2006).


Differences between adult and embryonic stem cells :



Differences between adult and embryonic stem cells :

There is divergence between adult and embryonic stem cell and the type of differentiated cell than they can become . while embryonic stem cell can be induced to differentiate into any cell type, adult stem cells cannot . adult cells can only differentiate into the types of cells found in their environment or in the particular tissue or organ where they reside . another key difference between embryonic and adult stem cells in the volume of cells that one can isolate and grow in vitro .large numbers of embryonic stem cells that can be grown in vitro that adult stem cells (Fuchs et al .,2004)

السبت، 14 مايو 2011

Types of stem cells

Types of stem cells :


There aremain types of stem cells , embryonic and adult , during embryogenesis , pluripotent embryonic stem cell is derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst and has the ability to give rise to all three embryonic grem layers : ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (chambers & smith ,2004)

As the development proceeds , the need for organogenesis arises, and the embryo proper forms grem line stem cells (GSCs) for reproduction and somatic stem cells (SSCs) for organogenesis . they either are progressively restricted in the development , giving rise to multiple lineages ( including tissue-specific cells ), or are unipotent, giving rise ti single lineage cells destined for certain tissues. (chambers & smith ,2004)


After birth .adult stem cells, including both GSCs and SSCs, reside in special microenvironment termed the "niche," whish varies in natural and location depending on the tissue type the support ongoing tissue regeneration replacing cells lost due to natural cell death (apoptosis) or injury . (weissman, 2000; rossant2004)
 

Introduction of steem cells



Introduction


Stem cells are subset of cell that have the unique ability to replenish themselves through self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into different types pf mature cells .(chambers & smith ,2004)